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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or comparable hack is different, it will become a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that's as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the files that you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, some goods save your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of these products to get a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a file into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you More about the author definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide internet safe deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption expert, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, Continue however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is private, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can create an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it's all the proof you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.